Activated carbon (or charcoal) is a porous form of carbon commonly used for adsorption and in chemical reactions. The microposority increases its surface area significantly. Adsorption properties are usually enhanced by chemical treatment. Alternatives that work in the same manner are activated coal and coke. There are a number of things relating to activated carbon Philippines residents need to know.
There are a number of source materials that can be used to produce active charcoal. They include wood, peat, nutshells, coconut husks, coal and petroleum pitch among others. Activation can be achieved through physical or chemical processes. In the physical process, the source materials are exposed to hot gases in the presence of air. The temperatures at which this occurs range from 600 to 1200 degrees Celsius.
Chemical activation involves impregnating the source materials with certain chemicals before they are treated further. Chemicals that may be used in this process include salts, alkalis and acids such as zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride and phosphoric acid. The next step in the process is known as carbonization. The temperatures needed here are comparatively lower and range from 450 and 900 degrees Celsius. In general, the chemical alternative is more preferred.
Active charcoal is widely used in the medical field. One of the commonest uses is in managing drug poisoning and overdose resulting from oral intake of certain chemicals. Examples of chemicals for which the charcoal has been effective include arsenic, lithium, ethanol, methanol, cyanide and acids among others. It is available in many places as an over the counter tablet. Caution should be taken to avoid aspiration as it may lead to aspiration pneumonitis.
Industrial applications are numerous. An important use under this category is the removal of pollutants from air and water sources. Removal of pollutants may be needed in the case of spillages, filtration of drinking of water, capture of volatile organic compounds, VOCs (derivatives of organic compounds) and remediation of ground water. As purification goes on, the concentration of radon can also be determined.
There are various classes of active charcoal that exist. These classes are based on physical properties such as the iodine number, the ash level, the mesh size and the surface area among others. The different attributes make different types of active charcoal suitable for different uses. The finest powdered charcoal has granules whose average diameter is less than a millimeter. It is the best choice in chemical reactions. Granular charcoal, which has coarser granules, is best for water filtration.
Mercury scrubbing is another important application. This is important in coal power stations and medical incinerators. For the charcoal to be effective for this use, it is first mixed with iodine or sulfur. The mercury binds irreversibly to the charcoal which helps clean the equipment involved. The reluctant compound is usually disposed of in a land fill as long as the concentration of the mercury is less than 260 parts per million.
Activated carbon has many more uses. Ongoing research shows that there is great potential for the uses to increase in areas such as the medical and agricultural fields. Due to the differences that exist in the types, it is important that one talks to an expert to get recommendations on the most appropriate type of charcoal to be used in a given situation.
There are a number of source materials that can be used to produce active charcoal. They include wood, peat, nutshells, coconut husks, coal and petroleum pitch among others. Activation can be achieved through physical or chemical processes. In the physical process, the source materials are exposed to hot gases in the presence of air. The temperatures at which this occurs range from 600 to 1200 degrees Celsius.
Chemical activation involves impregnating the source materials with certain chemicals before they are treated further. Chemicals that may be used in this process include salts, alkalis and acids such as zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride and phosphoric acid. The next step in the process is known as carbonization. The temperatures needed here are comparatively lower and range from 450 and 900 degrees Celsius. In general, the chemical alternative is more preferred.
Active charcoal is widely used in the medical field. One of the commonest uses is in managing drug poisoning and overdose resulting from oral intake of certain chemicals. Examples of chemicals for which the charcoal has been effective include arsenic, lithium, ethanol, methanol, cyanide and acids among others. It is available in many places as an over the counter tablet. Caution should be taken to avoid aspiration as it may lead to aspiration pneumonitis.
Industrial applications are numerous. An important use under this category is the removal of pollutants from air and water sources. Removal of pollutants may be needed in the case of spillages, filtration of drinking of water, capture of volatile organic compounds, VOCs (derivatives of organic compounds) and remediation of ground water. As purification goes on, the concentration of radon can also be determined.
There are various classes of active charcoal that exist. These classes are based on physical properties such as the iodine number, the ash level, the mesh size and the surface area among others. The different attributes make different types of active charcoal suitable for different uses. The finest powdered charcoal has granules whose average diameter is less than a millimeter. It is the best choice in chemical reactions. Granular charcoal, which has coarser granules, is best for water filtration.
Mercury scrubbing is another important application. This is important in coal power stations and medical incinerators. For the charcoal to be effective for this use, it is first mixed with iodine or sulfur. The mercury binds irreversibly to the charcoal which helps clean the equipment involved. The reluctant compound is usually disposed of in a land fill as long as the concentration of the mercury is less than 260 parts per million.
Activated carbon has many more uses. Ongoing research shows that there is great potential for the uses to increase in areas such as the medical and agricultural fields. Due to the differences that exist in the types, it is important that one talks to an expert to get recommendations on the most appropriate type of charcoal to be used in a given situation.
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